|
Free Standing Types |
|
Type |
Bush |
Standard |
Pyramid |
Column |
|
Description |
Open centre
and short trunk. Easy to maintain and fruits quickly. |
Large trees,
plenty of space required. Difficult to maintain. |
Conical shaped
with central leader. Can be grown in pots. Requires summer pruning. |
Single main
stem without side branches. No pruning required. Can be grown in pots.
Suitable for the smallest plot. |
|
Mature Size |
Depends on
rootstock but up to 6ft on M27 and 18ft on MM106 |
6-7ft trunk
with overall height of 15-25ft |
7ft high with
4ft spread |
Height about
8ft in five years |
|
Spacing |
15ft between
rows and trees |
30ft between
rows and trees |
5ft between
trees and 8ft between rows |
2ft between
trees and 6ft between rows |
|
Pruning |
Two year old
tree: Prune in winter after planting. Keep 3-5 primary branches. Cut
back weak branches to a third and strong branches to half. Three year
old tree: Prune in winter. Cut back new growth to half. Cut out any
growth from the centre of the tree. Established tree: Prune in winter.
Remove dead or diseased wood, crossing branches and those in the centre
of the tree. |
Two year old
tree: Prune in winter after planting to maintain all good branches. Cut
back leader to 6ins from central trunk. Cut out weak branches. Cut back
lower branches to 10ins and upper branches to 6ins. Established tree:
Prune in summer to maintain conical shape. |
Non required |
|
Supported Types |
|
Type |
Cordon |
Espalier |
Fan |
Step-over |
|
Description |
Single stemmed
tree planted at 45 degree angle and tied to a permanent support. |
Pairs of
branches are tied in horizontally to form a series of tiers. Difficult
to maintain. |
Branches are
tied on to form a fan shape. Careful training required. |
Single tier
espalier which is trained along a single support. |
|
Mature Size |
Dwarfing
rootstock is used |
Dwarfing
rootstock is used |
6ft height and
10ft spread |
Extremely
dwarfing rootstock used |
|
Spacing |
2-3ft between
trees and 6ft between rows |
14ft between
trees and 6ft between rows |
15ft between
trees |
5ft between
trees and 6ft between rows |
|
Pruning |
Training: tie
the main stem to the support. Cut the tip off the main stem each year
when the top of the support is reached. Established: Prune in summer.
Cut above third leaf of the main stem side-shoots and above the first
leaf of lateral side-shoots. |
Training: In
spring add three canes at 45 degree angles. In summer train the growth
along these canes. In early winter remove the two side canes and lower
the branches and tie into the horizontal supports. Established: Prune in
summer. Cut above third leaf of the main stem side-shoots and above the
first leaf of lateral side-shoots. |
Training: In
spring add three canes at 45 degree angles. In summer train the growth
along these canes. Established: Prune in summer. Cut above third leaf of
the main stem side-shoots and above the first leaf of lateral
side-shoots. |
Training: tie
the main stems to the support. Cut the tip off the main stems each year
when the limit of the support is reached. Established: Prune in summer.
Cut above third leaf of the main stem side-shoots and above the first
leaf of lateral side-shoots. |
